Camera Wikipedia.A 1.Canon FT camera with a 1.Some photographers, collectors mainly, refuse to use their cameras in the real world in case the instrument suffers a mark or sustains a fall, rendering it less than.Photographing Tlr Manual Cameras' title='Photographing Tlr Manual Cameras' />A camera is an optical instrument for recording or capturing images, which may be stored locally, transmitted to another location, or both.The images may be individual still photographs or sequences of images constituting videos or movies.The camera is a remote sensing device as it senses subjects without any contact.The word camera comes from camera obscura, which means dark chamber and is the Latin name of the original device for projecting an image of external reality onto a flat surface.The modern photographic camera evolved from the camera obscura.The functioning of the camera is very similar to the functioning of the human eye.The first permanent photograph of a camera image was made in 1.Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online.Mini Sip Server 300 Clients Plus '>Mini Sip Server 300 Clients Plus .Easily share your publications and get.Joseph Nicphore Nipce.Functional descriptionedit.Basic elements of a modern still camera.By Zack Arias In Gear September 10, 2014 Fuji X100T First Look.I have had a preproduction copy of the new Fuji X100T for a week and I have been putting it.Photographing Tlr Manual Cameras' title='Photographing Tlr Manual Cameras' />A camera may work with the light of the visible spectrum or with other portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.A still camera is an optical device which creates a single image of an object or scene and records it on an electronic sensor or photographic film.All cameras use the same basic design light enters an enclosed box through a converging lensconvex lens and an image is recorded on a light sensitive mediummainly a transition metal halide.A shutter mechanism controls the length of time that light can enter the camera.Most photographic cameras have functions that allow a person to view the scene to be recorded, allow for a desired part of the scene to be in focus, and to control the exposure so that it is not too bright or too dim.A display, often a liquid crystal display LCD, permits the user to view scene to be recorded and settings such as ISO speed, exposure, and shutter speed.A movie camera or a video camera operates similarly to a still camera, except it records a series of static images in rapid succession, commonly at a rate of 2.When the images are combined and displayed in order, the illusion of motion is achieved.HistoryeditCamera obscuraeditThe forerunner to the photographic camera was the camera obscura.Camera obscura Latin for dark room is the natural optical phenomenon that occurs when an image of a scene at the other side of a screen or for instance a wall is projected through a small hole in that screen and forms an inverted image left to right and upside down on a surface opposite to the opening.The oldest known record of this principle is a description by Han Chinese philosopher Mozi ca.BC. Crack Baby Ice Cube Lyrics It Was A Good . Mozi correctly asserted that the camera obscura image is inverted because light travels in straight lines from its source.In the 1.Arab physicist.Ibn al Haytham Alhazen wrote very influential essays about the camera obscura, including experiments with light through a small opening in a darkened room.Ibn al Haytams writings on optics became very influential in Europe through Latin translations, inspiring people such as Witelo, John Peckham, Roger Bacon, Leonardo Da Vinci, Ren Descartes and Johannes Kepler.The use of a lens in the opening of a wall or closed window shutter of a darkened room to project images used as a drawing aid has been traced back to circa 1.Since the late 1.Photographic cameraeditBefore the development of the photographic camera, it had been known for hundreds of years that some substances, such as silver salts, darkened when exposed to sunlight.In a series of experiments, published in 1.German scientist Johann Heinrich Schulze demonstrated that the darkening of the salts was due to light alone, and not influenced by heat or exposure to air.The Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed in 1.The first person to use this chemistry to create images was Thomas Wedgwood.To create images, Wedgwood placed items, such as leaves and insect wings, on ceramic pots coated with silver nitrate, and exposed the set up to light.These images werent permanent, however, as Wedgwood didnt employ a fixing mechanism.He ultimately failed at his goal of using the process to create fixed images created by a camera obscura.The first permanent photograph of a camera image was made in 1.Joseph Nicphore Nipce using a sliding wooden box camera made by Charles and Vincent Chevalier in Paris.Nipce had been experimenting with ways to fix the images of a camera obscura since 1.The photograph Nipce succeeded in creating shows the view from his window.It was made using an 8 hour exposure on pewter coated with bitumen.Nipce called his process heliography.Nipce corresponded with the inventor Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre, and the pair entered into a partnership to improve the heliographic process.Nipce had experimented further with other chemicals, to improve contrast in his heliographs.Daguerre contributed an improved camera obscura design, but the partnership ended when Nipce died in 1.Daguerre succeeded in developing a high contrast and extremely sharp image by exposing on a plate coated with silver iodide, and exposing this plate again to mercury vapor.By 1.He called this process Daguerreotype, and tried unsuccessfully for a couple years to commercialize it.Eventually, with help of the scientist and politician Franois Arago, the French government acquired Daguerres process for public release.In exchange, pensions were provided to Daguerre as well as Nipces son, Isidore.In the 1.English scientist Henry Fox Talbot independently invented a process to fix camera images using silver salts.Although dismayed that Daguerre had beaten him to the announcement of photography, on January 3.Royal Institution entitled Some Account of the Art of Photogenic Drawing, which was the first published description of photography.Within two years, Talbot developed a two step process for creating photographs on paper, which he called calotypes.The calotyping process was the first to utilize negative prints, which reverse all values in the photograph black shows up as white and vice versa.Negative prints allow, in principle, unlimited duplicates of the positive print to be made.Calotyping also introduced the ability for a printmaker to alter the resulting image through retouching.Calotypes were never as popular or widespread as daguerreotypes,2.However, because daguerreotypes only produce a direct positive print, no duplicates can be made.It is the two step negativepositive process that formed the basis for modern photography.The first photographic camera developed for commercial manufacture was a daguerreotype camera, built by Alphonse Giroux in 1.Giroux signed a contract with Daguerre and Isidore Nipce to produce the cameras in France,2.The camera was a double box design, with a landscape lens fitted to the outer box, and a holder for a ground glass focusing screen and image plate on the inner box.By sliding the inner box, objects at various distances could be brought to as sharp a focus as desired.After a satisfactory image had been focused on the screen, the screen was replaced with a sensitized plate.A knurled wheel controlled a copper flap in front of the lens, which functioned as a shutter.The early daguerreotype cameras required long exposure times, which in 1.After the introduction of the Giroux daguerreotype camera, other manufacturers quickly produced improved variations.Charles Chevalier, who had earlier provided Nipce with lenses, created in 1.Chevaliers camera had a hinged bed, allowing for half of the bed to fold onto the back of the nested box.In addition to having increased portability, the camera had a faster lens, bringing exposure times down to 3 minutes, and a prism at the front of the lens, which allowed the image to be laterally correct.Another French design emerged in 1.Marc Antoine Gaudin.The Nouvel Appareil Gaudin camera had a metal disc with three differently sized holes mounted on the front of the lens.Rotating to a different hole effectively provided variable f stops, letting in different amount of light into the camera.Instead of using nested boxes to focus, the Gaudin camera used nested brass tubes.In Germany, Peter Friedrich Voigtlnder designed an all metal camera with a conical shape that produced circular pictures of about 3 inches in diameter.The distinguishing characteristic of the Voigtlnder camera was its use of a lens designed by Joseph Petzval.Nikon Imaging Products Nikon Rangefinder Cameras.Policy of Camera Manufacturing and Basic Research.The reason why the Camera Special Commission of the Consumers Goods Production Subcommittee of Nippon Kogaku K.K.However, although Nippon Kogaku had experienced manufacturing aerial cameras and 3m 2 m 5m telescope cameras, it was the first experience to manufacture a high class consumer camera.Therefore it was aimed to make a high class product, it was decided that the camera will be the future subject of study.However, there was a lot of enthusiasm for the camera among officers and men of the allied occupation troop, and as the U.S.Nippon Kogaku hastily decided to urge the production of camera.At the board of directors meeting in October 1.January 1.At the same time, designers who were engaged in the design of mechanical computers were designated as camera designers and were ordered to start studying.In November, 1.Camera Special Commission and the Slide Projector Special Commission were reorganized to become the Camera and Projector Committee, which started the study of camera production.The Designing Department immediately started the study of the cameras body construction.The Research Department which was reorganized in November 1.Designing Department proceeded in parallel with the shutter speed test and the exposure meter as well as fundamental studies such as metal material and painting.In April, 1.Camera and Projector Committee concluded the following.Cameras to be manufactured by the company were.A twin lens reflex TLR camera lens 8.An universal type small size camera using 3.Both of them were to be of the highest quality.It was decided that the first order of priority was to be given to the TLR camera.The design specifications of the small size camera needed to introduce the advantages of the Leica and Contax models.These models were dividing the world of photography as the highest class models available, however, the camera could not be a duplicate of either of the two.Therefore, the standards were set bearing in mind that it had to be a 3.Nippon Kogaku.Its feature would be a picture size of 2.The reasons to adopt the 2.The 3 4 proportion seemed to have better proportions than the Leica format 2 3.It could take 4.Leica format of 3.The standard of the slide projector provided by the Japanese Ministry of Education was 2.It was decided according to the basic idea of adopting our original picture size, which differed from that of the Leica.Due to anticipted improvements for enlargers, the idea that the camera could become even smaller in the future was foreseen.Some proposed the Tenax format 2.As the method of lens exchange, the bayonet fixing method Contax type was adopted for its rapid and easy attaching and detaching.Development of the Small Sized Camera and the Nikon Brand.From the beginning, this small sized camera had been designed with the tentative name of Nikorette, based on the abbreviation of Nippon Kogaku Nikko and adding ette to indicate small size.However, the prevailing opinion was that it was a weak product name, and upon subsequent review it was agreed that Nikon would be the formal name.The name was based on Nikko, adding N at the end to make it sound better.Upon completion of the drawing in September.Metal Working Section of the Production Department.The following month it immediately started prototyping.Shutter type.Horizontal travel focal plane shutter.Shutter curtain.Rubberized cloth curtain Habutae silkShutter speed.T, B, 1 15.Sync contact. None.Viewfinder.Reversed Galilean type, magnification 0.Picture size.Nikon formatWinding.Knob.Rewinding. Rewinding knob with A R lever.Weight.NIKKOR H.C 5cm f2.
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